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Removal of antibiotics from wastewater by advanced oxidation technologies
Macsek, Tomáš ; Rusník,, Igor (referee) ; Bodík,, Igor (referee) ; Hlavínek, Petr (advisor)
Antibiotics are substances that inhibit the growth of microorganisms and are widely used in modern medicine. High consumption of antibiotics correlates with their elevated occurence in sewage systems, from where they are further released into the environment. The threat of their occurrence in the environment is in triggering the formation and spread of antibiotic resistance. This thesis focuses on the removal of selected antibiotics and partly on the antibiotic resistance from wastewater by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). AOPs are based on the creation of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals, which are able to oxidize even highly persistent substances. The thesis focuses on the purification of effluents from municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), which are identified as the main source of pharmaceutical pollution in the environment, by AOPs mainly based on ozonation. These processes were tested under laboratory conditions on model water as well as under real conditions as the tertiary stage of the treatment at Brno-Modřice WWTP under various operating states. As the results of the performed experiments show, it could be concluded that the studied AOPs are capable of effective degradation of studied antibiotics from the treated medium. Under real conditions, the antibiotics sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, azithromycin and clarithromycin were monitored. Output concentrations in each operational state were achieved to be below the limit of detection for all four antibiotics. The application of AOPs based on ozonation as the tertiary step of the treatment also had a positive effect on the reduction of microbial contamination and antibiotic resistance. Within the pilot plant experiments, a reduction of up to 4 orders of magnitude of E.coli, coliform microorganisms and a reduction of their resistant strains in the range of 1.4 - 4.0 logs were observed, compared to the effluent from the WWTP.
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Progressive methods for waste water treatment
Doležalová, Adéla ; Konečná, Eva (referee) ; Vondra, Marek (advisor)
This bachelor thesis contains a description of progressive separation methods for wastewater treatment. It deals with the basic principles of separation methods, including membrane processes, sonolysis, ozonization, photolysis and photocoalysis. Their strengths and weaknesses are also described. Part of the thesis is also evaluation and comparison of individual technologies with regard to their practical applicability.
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Problems of phenols in water
Tylichová, Petra ; Čáslavský, Josef (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
This bachelor`s thesis deals with the issue of phenols in the waters. The theoretical part summarises the information about the characteristics of the phenols, its use, appearance in the environment, and its effects on human health. There are described methods of determination these substance in the waters. The last chapter disserts on possible methods of eliminating the phenols from the aqueous environment with special attention paid to the adsorption method. Part of this thesis is also dedicated to the chlorinated phenols which originate from chlorination of the phenolic waters and which cause the sensory interferences of the waters. The experimental part of this thesis is dedicated to removing the phenol from a model water through the adsorption into a powdery active carbon Norit SA SUPER.
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Reuse of treated wastewater in paper and textile industry
Matysíková, Jana ; Vachovec, Roman (referee) ; Hlavínek, Petr (advisor)
This thesis deals with Advanced oxidation processes (AOP) and its aplication for textile wastewaters treatment and reuse. AOP is a modern technology which currently recieves increased attention due to it´s high efficiency in removing resistant and hardly-degradable pollution. Thesis consists of search and practical part. Search part is created by three chapters. First chapter describe briefly wastewater reuse. The second chapter deals with Advanced oxidation processes. AOP principle, AOP division and descriotion is included with the strong focus on the ozonation technology. The third chapter presents the textile industry and its wastewaters. The practical part of this thesis consists of two chapters. Chapter 5 describes testing of textile wastewaters decoloration by ozonation in the selected textile copany and its results. This results are used in chapter 6. Chapter 6 is the study of textile industry treatment and reuse in the selected textile company. This study contains the design of two options for wastewater treatment and reuse in the textile processes.
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The problems of fenol sorption from waste water
Židek, Michal ; Pavlovský,, Jiří (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
The bachelor work deals of sorption of phenol from waste water. In theoretical part the basic characteristic of phenol, their effects and presence in environmental compounds are described. The possibility of removal phenol from waste water in waste water treatment is also described. The adsorption process of removal phenol introduced too. The analysis current adsorbents using in removal phenol from aqueous solutions and characteristic properties are also presented in relation to materials on the base of clay minerals. The experimental part is focused on the possibility of removal phenol from aqueous solution via adsorption mechanism under various pH conditions.
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Utilisation of ozone for wastewater treatment
Hásová, Eva ; Dřímal,, Jiří (referee) ; Derco, Ján (advisor)
Diploma thesis will be dealt with the utilization of ozone wastewater treatment. Experimental part will be focused on study of ozone utilization in two different reactors (bubble column, jet loop reactor). Reactors will be compared by overall mass transfer coefficient and saturation concentration. Ozonization will be applied because of biological resistent and toxic compound 2-mercaptobenzothiazole disposal. Changes of biological decomposition will be measured and assessed by respirometric measurements.
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Combination of different drinking water disinfection processes and their impact on the formation of disinfection by-products
Česká, Pavlína ; Načeradská, Jana (advisor) ; Fialová, Kateřina (referee)
Combining disinfection processes with chlorination can alter the formation and resulting spectrum of Disinfection By-Products (DBPs) in drinking water. While considerable attention has been given to DBPs formed during chlorination, DBPs formed during the application of multiple disinfection processes are a significantly less explored group. This study focuses on three most common disinfection combinations: chlorination-UV, UV-secondary chlorination, and ozonation-secondary chlorination. After chlorination, trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) are the most commonly found DBPs in water. The resulting formation of DBPs is influenced by many factors. UV radiation at typical disinfection doses (40-186 mJ.cm-2 ) does not affect the formation of these two groups of compounds after treatment with UV radiation and secondary chlorination. During the advanced oxidation process (AOP) of chlorination-UV, generally more DBPs are formed than during chlorination alone. However, this can be partially minimized by adjusting the appropriate wavelength and pH of the treated water. For waters containing nitrogenous compounds or bromide, combining chlorination with UV radiation and chlorination with ozonation leads to higher formation of hazardous nitrogenous and brominated DBPs compared to chlorination...
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Use of advanced oxidation processes in pool water treatment
Trávníček, Jakub ; Pivoda, Bohuslav (referee) ; Biela, Renata (advisor)
The research part of the thesis is focused on the use of advanced oxidation processes in the treatment of swimming pool waters. In the first part, the common disinfection technologies that are used domestically and abroad for the treatment of swimming pool waters are described. In the second part, the research focuses on the basic types of advanced oxidation processes used in swimming pool facilities and other similar laboratory-scale technologies with potential for future use in the spa industry. The practical focus of the thesis consists of two parts. In the first part, data from a questionnaire of selected swimming pool facilities in the Czech Republic are processed, which summarizes what technologies are used in the treatment of swimming pool waters in the Czech Republic. The second part consists of a case study that analyses the effect on the quality of treated water before and after the installation of advanced oxidation processes system in the pool recirculation circuit.
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Removal of antibiotics from wastewater by advanced oxidation technologies
Macsek, Tomáš ; Rusník,, Igor (referee) ; Bodík,, Igor (referee) ; Hlavínek, Petr (advisor)
Antibiotics are substances that inhibit the growth of microorganisms and are widely used in modern medicine. High consumption of antibiotics correlates with their elevated occurence in sewage systems, from where they are further released into the environment. The threat of their occurrence in the environment is in triggering the formation and spread of antibiotic resistance. This thesis focuses on the removal of selected antibiotics and partly on the antibiotic resistance from wastewater by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). AOPs are based on the creation of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals, which are able to oxidize even highly persistent substances. The thesis focuses on the purification of effluents from municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), which are identified as the main source of pharmaceutical pollution in the environment, by AOPs mainly based on ozonation. These processes were tested under laboratory conditions on model water as well as under real conditions as the tertiary stage of the treatment at Brno-Modřice WWTP under various operating states. As the results of the performed experiments show, it could be concluded that the studied AOPs are capable of effective degradation of studied antibiotics from the treated medium. Under real conditions, the antibiotics sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, azithromycin and clarithromycin were monitored. Output concentrations in each operational state were achieved to be below the limit of detection for all four antibiotics. The application of AOPs based on ozonation as the tertiary step of the treatment also had a positive effect on the reduction of microbial contamination and antibiotic resistance. Within the pilot plant experiments, a reduction of up to 4 orders of magnitude of E.coli, coliform microorganisms and a reduction of their resistant strains in the range of 1.4 - 4.0 logs were observed, compared to the effluent from the WWTP.
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Oxidation of compounds produced by cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa and its impact on water treatment by coagulation
Štědrá, Karolína ; Načeradská, Jana (advisor) ; Kopecká, Ivana (referee)
Due to eutrophication of aquatic environment, massive growth of algae and cyanobacteria occurs and the seasonal algal bloom is formed. Drinking water treatment plants have to deal with the increased amount of cells as well as organic compounds produced by algae and cyanobacteria (so-called AOM). Moreover, the presence of AOM causes a reduction in the efficiency of coagulation, which is an essential process in drinking water treatment. To increase coagulation efficiency, supportive methods, such as ozone oxidation, are added usually prior to coagulation. While many studies focused on the ozonation of algal and cyanobacterial cells, little is known about the effect of ozonation on AOM. This diploma thesis focused on the evaluation of the effect of ozonation in combination with coagulation on the removal of cellular organic compounds (COM) produced by cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa. The effect of ozonation before or after coagulation on COM removal was investigated. The degradation of microcystins, which are naturally contained in the COM sample, was also monitored. Various ozone doses (1 - 10 mg/L) were tested at three pH values - 5, 7 and 9. Two coagulants were utilized - aluminium sulphate and ferric sulphate. Ozonation removed COM negligibly. However, eliminated microcystins, the degradation...
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